{"id":4461,"date":"2024-03-08T12:20:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-08T10:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.profi.ro\/via-profi\/?p=4461"},"modified":"2024-03-08T12:20:01","modified_gmt":"2024-03-08T10:20:01","slug":"traditie-de-primavara-pe-9-martie-mancam-mucenici","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.profi.ro\/via-profi\/blog\/traditie-de-primavara-pe-9-martie-mancam-mucenici\/","title":{"rendered":"Tradi\u021bie de prim\u0103var\u0103 – pe 9 martie m\u00e2nc\u0103m mucenici"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
\"Mucenici\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e2inile care fr\u0103m\u00e2nt\u0103 coca simpl\u0103 din f\u0103in\u0103 \u0219i ap\u0103 \u0219i o \u00eentind apoi ca pe o pl\u0103pumioar\u0103 potrivit de grosu\u021b\u0103. M\u00e2nu\u021bele care m\u00e2nuiesc forma de metal \u0219i umplu masa de opturi \u0219i camera de f\u0103in\u0103. Ochii copilului care stau pironi\u021bi pe oala \u00een care, fierb\u00e2nd, apa face v\u00e2rtejuri ce aduc la suprafa\u021b\u0103 opturi mici de aluat. E zgomot de coaj\u0103 sf\u0103r\u00e2mat\u0103 sub lovitura n\u0103prasnic\u0103 a ciocanului – bunicul sparge nuci. Miejii albi se \u00eenmul\u021besc \u00een castron \u0219i iau apoi drumul c\u0103tre ma\u0219ina de tocat. Din cutia de metal \u00een care au fost c\u00e2ndva biscui\u021bi de pe alte meleaguri e luat\u0103 pe sus, cu linguri pline, scor\u021bi\u0219oara. Zah\u0103rul a fiert al\u0103turi de mucenici, coaja de l\u0103m\u00e2ie va fi ras\u0103 la final. Bunica sf\u00e2r\u0219e\u0219te magia amestec\u0103rii tuturor \u0219i cere un ultim ingredient \u2013 timp. Copilul nu are timp, nu \u0219tie ce e r\u0103bdarea. St\u0103 cu privirea ag\u0103\u021bat\u0103 de oala pus\u0103 la r\u0103cit \u0219i \u00eentreab\u0103 la fiecare c\u00e2teva minute dac\u0103 e gata. \u00cen Muntenia mucenicii se m\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103 reci, sub form\u0103 de sup\u0103 groas\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Undeva \u00een Moldova lucrurile se petrec cam la fel \u2013 un copil gr\u0103bit a\u0219teapt\u0103 s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i \u00eenfig\u0103 din\u021bii \u00eentr-un colac bine \u00eensiropat \u0219i plin de nuc\u0103. Mama lui \u0219tie alte vr\u0103ji \u2013 aluatul ei, cu ou<\/a> \u0219i gr\u0103sime, st\u0103 \u00eenf\u0103\u0219at la cald \u0219i cre\u0219te \u00eentr-o or\u0103 ca F\u0103t Frumos cel dulce. E pus apoi la copt \u00eempletit sub form\u0103 de opturi, uns cu sirop gros de miere \u0219i pres\u0103rat cu nuc\u0103 din bel\u0219ug. Pofta este aceea\u0219i \u0219i aici ca \u0219i \u00een Muntenia, ba chiar \u0219i cele 40 de pahare ce \u00eenso\u021besc mucenicii conform tradi\u021biei. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen Banat nu se \u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219te aceast\u0103 tradi\u021bie, \u00eens\u0103 \u00een ultimii ani, gra\u021bie accesului la informa\u021bie \u0219i a re\u021belelor de socializare, gospodinele au \u00eemprumutat obiceiul \u0219i \u00ee\u0219i r\u0103sfa\u021b\u0103 familiile cu sup\u0103 sau colaci din cozonac, \u00een func\u021bie de preferin\u021be.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"mucenici<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>S\u0103rb\u0103toarea de 9 martie – 40 de mucenici<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pe 9 martie \u00een Muntenia \u0219i Moldova se comemoreaz\u0103 cei 40 de martiri din Sebasta\/Sevastia, o regiune din Armenia de azi. De\u0219i \u00een 313 d.C. \u00eemp\u0103ra\u021bii Constantin \u0219i Licinus d\u0103duser\u0103 un edict care oferea toleran\u021b\u0103 religioas\u0103, \u0219apte ani mai t\u00e2rziu 40 de solda\u021bi romani cre\u0219tini au fost tortura\u021bi pentru credin\u021b\u0103 \u2013 au fost lovi\u021bi cu pietre, \u00eeneca\u021bi \u00eentr-un lac \u00eenghe\u021bat \u0219i, \u00eentr-un final, l\u0103sa\u021bi s\u0103 moar\u0103 dup\u0103 ce le-au fost zdrobite picioarele. Incinera\u021bi, cenu\u0219a lor a fost azv\u00e2rlit\u0103 \u00een lac \u0219i se spune c\u0103 \u00een acea noapte au fost v\u0103zute miracole \u2013 lacul s-a dezghe\u021bat \u0219i 40 de ghirlande au str\u0103lucit deasupra lui, una pentru fiecare martir. A\u0219a a \u00eenceput cultul acestor sfin\u021bi, relicvele r\u0103sp\u00e2ndindu-se prin lume.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nu \u00eei s\u0103rb\u0103torim pe Sfin\u021bii Martiri doar noi, rom\u00e2nii, ci \u0219i ucrainenii \u0219i ru\u0219ii, primii f\u0103c\u00e2ndu-i sub forma unor p\u0103s\u0103ri, zhavoronki<\/em>, din aluat dospit; ace\u0219ti vestitori ai prim\u0103verii sunt arunca\u021bi de copii spre cer pentru a aduce noroc \u0219i recolte bogate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>S\u0103rb\u0103toarea celor 40 de mucenici: obiceiuri \u0219i tradi\u021bii<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Unii etnologi consider\u0103 c\u0103 mucenicii sunt spirite ale mo\u0219ilor \u0219i str\u0103mo\u0219ilor care au preluat numele \u0219i data de celebrare a celor 40 de Sfin\u021bi Mucenici \u0219i astfel s-au suprapus peste obiceiuri p\u0103g\u00e2ne care s\u0103rb\u0103toreau venirea prim\u0103verii, devenind un simbol al acesteia. Ca \u0219i de Rusalii, se crede c\u0103 se deschid cerurile \u0219i cei pleca\u021bi se \u00eentorc pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt, de aceea se cur\u0103\u021b\u0103 casele \u0219i se ard gunoaiele, copiii s\u0103rind peste foc pentru a c\u0103p\u0103ta imunitate \u00een fa\u021ba bolilor, iar cenu\u0219a este pres\u0103rat\u0103 prin gospod\u0103rie ca protec\u021bie magic\u0103 contra \u0219erpilor. Tot acum se fac pomeni \u2013 mucenicii se duc la biseric\u0103 pentru a fi sfin\u021bi\u021bi \u00eenainte de a fi da\u021bi de sufletul celor pleca\u021bi, se \u00eentind mese bogate \u0219i se stropesc cu agheasm\u0103 membrii familiei \u0219i vitele din gospod\u0103rie. B\u0103rba\u021bii beau cele 40 pahare ritualice de 9 martie \u0219i m\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103 semin\u021be de dovleac<\/a> sau floarea soarelui cu lingura, pentru a aduce bog\u0103\u021bie casei (sau poate doar pentru a-\u0219i proteja stomacul \u0219i a atenua efectul alcoolului). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pe baza observa\u021biilor din aceast\u0103 zi se fac \u0219i previziuni meteo pentru anul \u00een curs \u2013 dac\u0103 plou\u0103 pe 9 martie va ploua \u0219i de Pa\u0219te; dac\u0103 tun\u0103, vara va aduce recolta bogat\u0103, iar dac\u0103 noaptea d\u0103 \u00eenghe\u021bul, atunci e semn c\u0103 va fi o toamn\u0103 lung\u0103. Este \u0219i momentul \u00een care se taie primele corzi de vi\u0163\u0103 de vie, se porne\u0219te simbolic plugul adic\u0103 \u00eencep muncile c\u00e2mpului, se \u00eencheie \u00een\u021belegerile de tov\u0103r\u0103\u0219ie \u00een cadrul unor petreceri bogate. Se crede c\u0103 ceea ce se seam\u0103n\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 zi va rodi de 40 de ori mai mult; cine nu respect\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103toarea va avea nepl\u0103ceri 40 de zile, iar cine  d\u0103  bani \u00eemprumut pe 9 martie nu va spori averea familiei. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Denumiri regionale ale mucenicilor<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen func\u021bie de zon\u0103, mucenicii mai sunt numi\u021bi m\u0103cinici, sfin\u021bi, sfin\u021bi\u0219ori, br\u0103dule\u021bi, brado\u0219i, mo\u0219i de p\u0103resimi<\/em><\/strong> etc.\u00a0Au form\u0103 antropoform\u0103\u00a0–\u00a0cifra opt seam\u0103n\u0103 cu un om stilizat, ba \u00een unele sate din Oltenia se imprim\u0103 pe aluat ochi, gur\u0103 \u0219i buric. Se mai consider\u0103 \u0219i c\u0103 forma cifrei opt este tot ce a mai supravie\u021buit din sacrificiile umane de alt\u0103dat\u0103 care marcau moartea \u0219i rena\u0219terea zeului. \u00cen unele zone ei aveau forma literei S sau a unui \u0219arpe \u2013 simbol al regener\u0103rii, deoarece \u00een martie \u00eencepe calendarul agricol \u0219i deci p\u0103m\u00e2ntul leap\u0103d\u0103 pielea de iarn\u0103 pentru cea nou\u0103, de prim\u0103var\u0103, precum \u0219arpele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"mucenici<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen secolul XIX se zice c\u0103 se f\u0103ceau \u0219i sub form\u0103 de p\u00e2ine<\/a> cu g\u00e2t \u0219i trunchi sau de copil \u00eenf\u0103\u0219at. Etnografa Varvara Buzil\u0103 men\u021bioneaz\u0103 mucenici mari \u00een form\u0103 de albine, al c\u0103ror scop era s\u0103 atrag\u0103 bunele auspicii pentru albin\u0103rit. Tradi\u021bia mai spune \u0219i c\u0103 pe 9 martie se reteaz\u0103 stupii adic\u0103 se scot pentru a se cur\u0103\u021ba \u0219i a se lua mierea (\u00een unele p\u0103r\u021bi stupii se ung \u00een scop profilactic cu \u021buic\u0103 pentru \u00eenmul\u021birea familiei de albine). De la Radu Anton Roman afl\u0103m despre alt obicei \u2013 acela de a pune un b\u0103nu\u021b \u00eentr-un mucenic, cel care \u00eel prime\u0219te \u00een farfurie consider\u00e2ndu-se c\u0103 are noroc tot anul, un obicei reg\u0103sit \u0219i \u00een alte culturi, probabil cel mai celebru exemplu fiind cel al g\u00e2teau<\/em> des rois<\/em>, <\/em>desert f\u0103cut pentru s\u0103rb\u0103toarea catolic\u0103 a Epifaniei de pe 6 ianuarie, c\u00e2nd la noi este celebrat\u0103 Boboteaza.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Re\u021bete de mucenici – cele mai populare practici de-a lungul timpului<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cum s\u0103rb\u0103toarea pic\u0103 cel mai adesea \u00een postul Pa\u0219telui, varianta <\/a>de mucenici moldovene\u0219ti<\/a> se face cu aluat de p\u00e2ine, \u00eens\u0103 \u00een practic\u0103 aluatul de cozonac este preferat. Mucenicii muntene\u0219ti se fac din aluat simplu, de post, din f\u0103in\u0103 \u0219i ap\u0103. \u00cen 1871 re\u021beta Ecaterinei Colonel Steriady, publicat\u0103 \u00een volumul \u201eBuna menajer\u0103\u201d la Gala\u021bi,cere f\u0103in\u0103 bun\u0103 pentru un aluat ca de p\u00e2ine, \u00eempletit \u201e\u00een patru sau \u00een dou\u0103\u201d, copt \u0219i dat cu sirop gros cu ap\u0103 de flori \u0219i nuci pisate cu zah\u0103r \u0219i scor\u021bi\u0219oar\u0103.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"mucenici<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

O re\u021bet\u0103 de sfin\u021bi\u0219ori din 1939 pune 10 g\u0103lbenu\u0219uri la kilogramul de f\u0103in\u0103 \u0219i \u00eei aromatizeaz\u0103 cu rom, vanilie, coaj\u0103 de portocal\u0103 \u0219i de l\u0103m\u00e2ie. Mucenicii moldovene\u0219ti ai celebrei Sandei Marin  dezam\u0103gesc, prin compara\u021bie – din aluatul \u201eca de p\u00e2ine, cu pu\u021bin lapte \u0219i mai mult moale\u201d se fac colaci ca cifra 8, se ung cu ou \u0219i se coc pentru a se \u00eenmuia scurt \u00een ap\u0103 fierbinte \u0219i a se unge cu sirop \u0219i pu\u021bin\u0103 nuc\u0103 \u201edup\u0103 dorin\u021b\u0103\u201d. Contemporanul s\u0103u, Constantin Bacalba\u0219a, n\u0103scut la Tecuci, ne d\u0103 \u00een 1935 o re\u021bet\u0103 de mucenici de post mult mai bogat\u0103 \u00een arome \u2013 siropul de zah\u0103r are ap\u0103 de flori sau vanilie, iar nucile se piseaz\u0103 cu zah\u0103r \u0219i scor\u021bi\u0219oar\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ingredientele pentru mucenici, cop\u021bi sau fier\u021bi, le g\u0103si\u021bi la produc\u0103torii no\u0219tri \u00een gama de produse marc\u0103 proprie Profi: miere<\/a>, nuc\u0103, f\u0103in\u0103, ou\u0103, unt, lapte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preg\u0103tirea mucenicilor poate fi o ocazie minunat\u0103 pentru a petrece timp de calitate cu familia \u0219i, \u00een special, cu cei mici, care vor fi sigur \u00eenc\u00e2nta\u021bi s\u0103 decupeze sau s\u0103 \u00eempleteasc\u0103 opturi din aluat (\u0219i probabil, mai pu\u021bin bucuro\u0219i s\u0103 sparg\u0103 sau aleag\u0103 miezul de nuc\u0103). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u00e2inile care fr\u0103m\u00e2nt\u0103 coca simpl\u0103 din f\u0103in\u0103 \u0219i ap\u0103 \u0219i o \u00eentind apoi ca pe o pl\u0103pumioar\u0103 potrivit de grosu\u021b\u0103. M\u00e2nu\u021bele…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4462,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[271],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4461","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTradi\u021bie de prim\u0103var\u0103 - pe 9 martie m\u00e2nc\u0103m mucenici<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sarbatoarea celor 40 de mucenici aduce traditii, obiceiuri si retete interesante in functie de regiune. 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